Cross-tie for railway-tracks.



PATENTED JULY 9, 1907. J. E. MUHLFELD. a GROSS TIE FOR RAILWAY TRACKS.

APPLIUATION FILED JAli. 28, 1007.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Ja -w PATENTED JULY 9, 1907.

J. E. MUHLFELD. I GROSS TIE FOR RAILWAY TRACKS.

. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 28, 1907. 2 SHEETB-SHEET 2.

'WmEMWfe/dl F 11 /MI 4 M. w RN M N 5 w E R \lfiu m W vMte .14 wrngfi track rails on account of rail wear and in the heavy trafiic on the track mils working or forcing out w the ballast or foundation bed material from undernezitlr' re-tamping of the ballast baekunder the ties or re-bedvwhich is and can only be produced by lapse of t me or wooden rail supporting blocks and materially dimin rrnrir JOHN E. MUHLFELD, OF

BALTIMORE, MA RYLANDi CHESS-TIE FOR RAILWAY-TRACKS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 9, 1907.

iippliczttlni filed January 28,1907! Ser al O- 354,376.

To all whom it moi concern:

Be it known diet I, .ioux El liIUiILFu-Ln, a citizen of the United States. residing in Baltimore in the State of lilarylzuid, have invented a new and useful iliil'lliuVi ment in ()ross'iies for Railway-Tracks, of which the follbwing is a specific on.

My invention relates to cross ties for railway trucks.

Heretoforc with the wooden, metal or other cros" ties commonly in use in railway trur it becomes necessary to disturb pincticziilyflhe entire rend bed-of the railway-each loor for the purpose of m: sis and to put the mils in proper surface, elevation. alinement and curvaiuit: and such truck nuiintenzince work ordinarily requires, with theties heretofore in use, the removal or" the rnilsifrtnn theties and withdrawal of the spikes or other fastening or connecting devices between the mils and ties, and the removal of the ties from the ballast or foundation mu teriul of the road bed and the relaying or the ties therein Ling renewrebedd 1g of And with the construction retotending'to bccome centiilj ,bound or center su 'iportci'l, that is to say supported by the ballast or foundation nmteriul of the portion of the tics then at the end portions thereof under the truck the portions of the cr s ties under and immediately adjacentto the track rails, thus necessitating frequent ding the same at grout labor and expense. Such track mnintenan no work and disturbing the ballast or foundation material of the road bed or rebedding of the ties therein for the purpose of maintaining the truck hnd restoring the track rails to proper surfzu-e" elevattion, etc., not only involves great labor and expense but serious interruption of truilic or puss-age of trains, and materially reduces the carrying cupuei and euroing power'ot' the railroad, and also from time to time destroys that solidity illltl compactness of the mud bed and the compacting action [hereon of pnssing trains. 'And if the ties are of wood, or or" met-oi or concrete with wood or other elastic or resilient supporting blocks under the rails to cushion the some as is necessary or .desirable'to diminish jar, vibration and noise "and to produce a really elficient track, the frequent removal of the rails from the ties and W'lblf(l!h\\'i\l 21nd redriving fthe spikes or other fastening incurs to rcgage the llL(.'(SS1l.ly trtek maintenance work, soon destroys the wood tics iahes the practical or effective life of the lie. And with the construction'of tics heretofore cnorolly ii. use the ase rails rests on the upper face of the iL. so

that the body of the tie cannot be and is not materially below the base of the truck rails or the practical height.- limit of the ballast or foundation material of the road bed. and causes the traffic pressure on the rails, in {H'- Luul pruciice, to readily work the ballast or foundation material out from under the ties, on injury or defect that would not imiteriitlly or great] y take place if the main body of the tie were bedded in one plane in the ballast or foundution muterizrl well below the base of the truck mils, so that the surrounding ballast or foundation nutteriul of the road bed around and above the nmin body of the lie would tend to support and retain in place the ballast or iuiliulzllioll lllillPlltLl directlyunder the tit-s. And with the r-onstrrmtion heretof r gOllCl'flllY in use the cndwisc or lengthwise abutment or i-ngugement between the tie iLIHl the ballast or foun- (httion nintcriiil of the roiul bed which tends to prevent longitudinal movement of the tie in the direction of its length or httcrnl movement of the ties and truck under the side thrust of the (:Ll' wheels on the mils, especially at curves or tangents, is chiefly the outer end surface of the ties; and to give the end surface of the tie any adequate or effective end abutment against the bnllost or foundation material of the road bed, it is necessary to nutteriully extend the bnllustvor foundation material out beyond the outer ends of the tics,1hus grcutly widening the necessary rond bednnd materially adding to 'its cost And with the construction heretofore generally in use, if of wood or of concrete with wood supporting blocks for the rails, in case of demilnn-nt of u train, the ties are liable to be dcstroycd'by being cut or broken in two by the flanges ofthe cur wheels; :lIHl if of wood or of rolled or plate steel forms with wood blocks to cushion the rails, they are expensive and of little durability by reason of the speedy rusting to which rolled or wrought iron or steel forms are peculiarly subject when exposed to wet and and by reuson of the speedy rotting, tions, if the ties are of wood.

The object of my invention is to provide a railway tie and track construction in which the rails will have the requisite resilient elastic or cushioning sup port from. the ties to produce easy riding or movement of the cars and prevent unnecessary jar, vibration and noise, and in which at the sometime the ties will be of a strong, simple, efl'icient and durable c0nstructiou, capable of being manufactured and maintained at small cost, 110l; ll{ll)l0 to destruction or materizll injury by rusting or rotting from exposure to rnoisture or weather, not liable to be cut or broken in two by the flanges of the car wheel in case of trainderailment; by which the tendency of the ties to become center-bound or center supported will be effectually overcome; by which the main body of the tie and its bed in the ballast or fourulziiion material of the road bed will be a considerable disutmosphercv under like condi- 1 tie bed or portion thereof directly under the tie and prevent the tendency of of the ties therein, or the \villnlrawal U:

belts or other tastenings employed for seeming the;

the

the pressure or hammering at. foundation material of the movement of the track or thrust of the car wheels oh the trail: atiorded by the portion of the ties beta.-

iuls will be en the rails:

and by the. ballast or foundation material between the rails, thuo materially lessening the required widtl". of the road bed'and saving the tending the ballast or iouial. the outer ends of the tit eleva-ting or ra. I tions olthe track rails with en cross ties or road bed. may be cl conveniently and without ma" train movement, and without distill or foundation material of the road lied ll or he the bedding; iikes, screws,

rails in place; which will on me ill jacked upor raised when this is rpose without removing the soi other fasten which secure the rails to their iniinedi blocks; which will prevent the rails from. spinal sufliciently to cause derailment, even it the spit or. means for securing the rails to their inm supporting lJlOt'kS should give wa which will readily accommodate and admit the applica on. guard rails" rail brat-esfrogs switrln other track rails-proper, and this without inter-lei he with the propel-insulation of the track rai when Us {l as a part of an electric circuit for tern, or other fiurposes; in whieh t rail supporting blocks of wood or terial may be reversed or tinned for end to increase their life or nseiulin-ss and also ncwcd from time to time v' which, in short, the track maintenance work may he iravti i-mnizglisln-(l with a maximum of etlicieney and durability, and with a minimum of cost and labor and oi in train movement.

My invention consists in the herein shown and deserihed for practice iug this object or result.

In the accompanying drawi' g, l0iil l a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a ver ll 1 ass section ol railway track embodying my inventicnn the track illustrated being a, (lOUii lO one, and the rail of one track being shown as jacked up to betterillustrate ioui, mot at em t; on t lotion and how this can be done without Cllhtlnfliii' the ties or ftrating a short portion of the tra the bedding oi the same in the ballast material of the road bed.

Fig. 2 in a leundation material of the road liwd the, track being'iu part removed. to cross ties. Fig. 3 is on solar;

Fig. 6 is a detail 1 1, and Figs. 7 and R are le and -X, respectively, ol a detail verti al section similar mowing a rail brace applied. ii. rep?! the road lied; ll the lion ma ml of the road bed in and. 'oss ties are'liedr ed, the name being; ial such as ushed rot cinders, sand, clay, earili,'or other niaterial; C the track rails;

W Oil 011 tizil erections en boll y noriion- D of canal; or flowed metal, preferably of steel. and removable track railsupporting blocks we. or other resl ient, elastic or cush oniiw material, and into which the spikes or other ruil l.

to the su qlort' 1g blocli"l and through them to the i t ties, i a.

liners or tillers which may be placed in or ingz; or lowering the rails; and (l supplemental track l ppizznees eueh as rail braees ior example. The (not or .ilowed metal body portion D of. the tie in l'tlilllSiW-il. with wide and long bases (Z at each end under and adjacent to the track rails where the presid hammering action of the trallic or rolling or quipment upon the rails comes most severely 1e gite the tiesat such portions thereof an extended bearing upon the ballast or foundation nniterial of the road bed; and said main body portion of the tie is also provided with a narrow or eontratftml intermediate portion ri between the track rails so that this intermediate portion of the tie may have a less'e tended road lied than t base portion i d and thus prevent in lrifft'k lllllf center b-.und"'- or center The wide boxes (Z d in connection-with :rnim i moi-in? portion (l of the'tie also v; herring slnlulrlers or laces uZ with the mllast or foundation roar? bed hetn tends to l th tie in the dirt-own of its length in or wheel flanges I (1061; his? till i ol' the wide or extend- -1 or bear r port l1 s d 1/ in connection with the narrow or contracted int rn'naliato portion (1 of the tie in inewenting the tie ironi becoming center bouiu 1 additionally prevent the ballast oi inundation n ale; Nl ot' the road bed iroin Working out l'ronr underat the portions thereei directly beneath ll lo the i provide the bases 1] of the tier on the under our. Lliereoi with slntllon ballast retaining i I Lilli,

' flanges The marginal metal body portion i) oi D the Cross ties, each having or (comprising a main telling devices maybe driven or applied in different removed ire 'l. the sockets D in surfa ing or elevat ruled. by downwzu'dly projecting in nponthe liallust or foundation material of the,

' porting block each cross tie D is provided on its upper side or face 'with upwardly projecting longitudinal flanges or ribs rails are directly secured by the fastening devices or spikes E.

The immediate rail supporting blocks D of the tie may be made of any desired dimensions, but i prefer to make them about six inches in thickness by eight inches in width and fourteen inches in length in the direction of the tie; and, if of wood I prefer to make them, the grain of the wood should run in the direction of the tie. The surrounding side walls (I and transverse Walls (1 of the sock s D serve to confine and 1 support the wood blocks D on all sides and effectually prevent any tendency of the spikes or other rail fastening devices to split the wood block or cause the same to give wav in any direction. The surrounding walls (2 d" oi h sockets D are'prcferably an inch or such matter less in height than the thickness of the supporting block D so that the track rail 0 c an'not come in contact with the cast or flowed metal portion D of the tie, and so that the wood block D may also serve as-an effective insulation for the rail incases wherethe rail is used as an electric power transmission rail, or as part of an electric circuit in block or other signaling systems. I

While the thickness of the woodlor other rail sup- DF may be materially varied without departing from my invention, these immediate rail supporting blocks D which rest on top of and project upwardly from the main cast or flowed metal body portion D of the tie, should always be of such substantial thickness as to cause the base flanges C of the rails G which rest upon the blocks DP, t9 be a considerable distance above the main cast or flowed metal body portion D of the tie, and the immediate bed 1) thereof in and on the ballast or foundation material B of the road bed, so that the bases of the rails will-be well above the inain'body portion D of the tie, and so that the bed or ballast material 1; directly under the tie may be supported and maintained in position by the surrounding ballast adjacent to and above the main body portion 1) of the tie. This materially aids in securing and maintaining a firm, solid and permanent foundation or bed for the tie in the ballast or foundation material of the road bed.

The inner or opposing transverse .walls or flanges 11" d of the opposite sockets D D on each tic, also serve as abutment surfaces, devices or shoulders for the ties against the portion b of the ballast l3 between the rails ,and directly above the tie to aid in preventing the slipping of the tie in the direction of its length under the lateral thrust of the train or car wheel flanges; and the same in connection with the other devices with which the tie is provided to guard against such slipping, renders it unnecessary in my improved coristruction of tie to materially extend the ballast or foundation material of the road bed beyond the outer- 1 ends of the ties as has heretofore been necessary in, order to secure a strong and effective end abutment on the road bed for the outer ends of the ties to bear against. This enables me to materially lessen the devices 9 width of the ballast or foundation material of the road bed, and the costjhcreof both as to first gonstriiction and maintenance.

Tlieinterinediate portion (1' of the tie between the sockets D D is preferably furnished with an upright longitudinal strengthening rib or flange (F. -And beyond the sockets vD D corresponding strengthening ribs r1", preferably extend to the extreme ends of the tie:

To prevent the rails C G from spreading apart sulficiently to cause derailment of the train, in case the spikes or other fastoningdevices E which secure the rails to the immediate rail supporting blocks D D should give way, I preferably provide on e of the side walls or flanges d of each of the sockets D with an upwardly projecting stop, lip or shoulder d", which by engagement with the base flange of the rail will limit the outward or spreading movement of the rail independent of the supporting block D and the fastening or anchoring devices which secure the rail thereto.

To vsecure a snug fit of the wood supporting blocks D in the sockets D and especially against the outer ends of such-sockets and thus always maintain the rails at the-proper gage, the inner transverse walls d of the sockets are preferably provided with one or more upright inclined or .wedging securing ribs d Andto permit the escape of moisture the sockets are also preferably provided with one or more drain openings d". p I l The removable liners F, one or more of which are placed in or removed from the supporting block sock-- ets D b'neath the supporting blocks in surfacing or raising and lowering the track rails, may be of any suitable'material, but I prefer to make them of wood.

The longitudinal track rail appliances G may be of any suitable kind or construction, such as. third or current transmission rails guard rails, rail braees,- crossings frogs, switches, derails, or other track appliances, and the same may fit oneither side of the track rail,

according to the kind nature or purpose thereof. In

the instance illustrated in the drawing the track rail appliance G is of an ordinary formof rail brace, and

is represented as being applied at the junction of two rails. Its base g is preferably secured to the rail insulating and supporting block D by screws or other It aids in preventing canting or. tilting of the rail. t

The supporting block sockets D in the main or cast orfiowedmetal body portion I) of the tie, are

preferably rectangular in horizontal section as well I as in both cross and longitudinal vertical sections, and are also preferably so located in respect to the gage of the railway track or distance between the rails that therails do not extend across the wood blocks 1) at the middle thereof, but on the contrary somewhat nearer one end than theother; so that the rail supporting blocks 1') may be reversed in their sockets not only by turning them upside down but also by turning them end for end while keeping the same face uppermost, and in each instance bring a fresh surface of the block as a seat for the rail base ancLas a receiving space for the spikes or other fastening means by which the rails are secured to the wood supporting blocks. This is not only a convenience in assembling the parts, but addsvmaterially to the life and usable efficiency of the rail supporting blocks and of the tie as a whole. The wood blocks correspond in horizontal section and in cross and longitudinal vertical sections with the sockets in which they fit.

As in my invention themain body portion 1) of the tie is of cast or owed metal, preferably cast steel, it is not liable to speedy rusting or corrosion as is the case with rolled or forged iron or steel forms, and this main portion of my tie is exceedingly durable and.

long lived; and as the supportingbloclcs are of simple form and of comparatively small length, they are inexpensive and can be readily renewed from time to time at small cost. ,And, as in my invention, the main cast or flowed metal body portion D oft-he tie is of a'lorm givi'ngthe wide or adequate bases or bearings under and adjacent to the rails and the reo uired strength and rigidity to the tie structure as a whole, with a substantially minimum weight of metal, and is of a form capable of being easily and conveniently cast, my improved-tiepossesses' the important advantage or characteristic of being comparatively inexpensive and cheap to manufacture, especially when its great durability and efiiciency, and other-advantages in slight cost of subsequent track maintenance and slight interference with train movement are takeninto consideration.

As in my invention the cross ties have Wide extended bases under and adjacent to the track rails, and

the immediate traek rail supporting blocks D afford awide or extended bearing contact with the bases C of the rails, the fraying or wearing action of the rail bases on the wood blocks is: rendered comparatively slight, which adds materially to the life and durability of the wood blocks; while at the same time this enables the ties to be spaced a farther distance apart or placed at greater centers, and thus materially reduces the number of ties required per mile of track, which results in a material saving.

While the wood block D is comparatively short in respect to the metal portion D of the tie, it isnevertheless, (though removable therefrom and not bolted or fastened thereto,) long enough to prevent its tiltingor turning upwaidat its inner end underside thrust of the train or car wheels. In other words the immediate track rail bearing bloclrs D to which the track rails are firmly, rigidly and permanently secured by the spikesor other fastening devices E', perform the ordinary function of a tie in'pre'venting the rails spiked thereto from oanting, turning or tilting, while the metal portion D of the tie in the sockets of which the wood blocks D fit,'afford support for the wood blocks and holds-them'in place, and through 'them holds the rails in place and affords the requisite bearing and contact with the ballast or foundation material of the road bed. I

As in myiinvention the immediate track rail supporting blocks D are the parts to which the rails are dispilied or fastened by, the'spikes or other fasten-' ing devices employed, and as these supporting blocks 'fit in upwardly opening sockets in the main or body portion of the ties, and are removable therefrom, to resurface the track, or restore the track rails to proper elevation in respect to each other or in'rcspect to the ties or road bed, all that is required is simply to jack up the rails and with them the supporting blocks D which are fastened thereto, and remove or add liners F which are interposed between the bottom faces of the wood blocks and the bottoms of the sockets D in which the removable wood blocks fit, as may be necessary to pro the tie or its bed in the ballast or foundation material I of the road bed, or to remove the spikes or other fastenings which secure the rail to tlie wood blocks, or to dis connect or remove therails from each other or from the ties. And in the midst of such track maintenance work or when it is partially done, the track rails and their adhering supporting blocks may be very quickly and conveniently a'gain lowered in position by the lifting jacks, (one of which is represented in the drawing at H,) to permit the passage of a train; as whatever the stage of the work the moment the rails are again lowered all the parts of the track, rails, ties, supporting blocks and irailfastenings, are again completely intact and ready for train movement, the'same as before the work begun, or after being completed.

Where retamping however of the ballast back under the main body portion D of the tie becomes necessary,

the construction of the tie is such as to give open space and ready access for tamping of the ballast or foundation material ofthe road'bed between the ties and around and back under all portions of the tie, the-bot tom bed face d of which is in one horizontal plane and entirely free from any extended downward projections, flanges or members such as would interfere with ta'mping or proper bedding of the tie or render impossible the making of a uniformly solid bed therefor in the the tie; and, for the same reason, the bed'face of the tie is made in one substantially horizontal plane.

Asin my invention the main body portion of the tie is of castlor flowed metal, this body or mainportion may hav e'added thereto in one'integral mass such lugs, brackets, recesses, projections, or vdevices as to enable the convenient application thereto of. the customary cranks, levers, rods, and other devices or mechanisms required in connection with the operation of interlocking signaling, derailing, and othersimilar appliances used in connection with the track rails, frogs, switches, crossings, crossovers, derails, signal and other similar appliances used for railway track and train operation,

or whip h maybe necessary'for the application and op- I eration of third or fourth rails, ormetal conductors or cables for the transmission of electric current or other power used in connection with the movement of trains or cars.

' Asin my invention the main cast metal or flowed body portion has, at the long wide bases Z d thereof, shallow pockets surrounded'by or made up of projecting ribs or shoulders which can embed themselves into wooden or other resilient stringers or timbers which go abutting i or lied face in substantially one shallow ball:

I body port ion of the tie is provided with the safety projecting lugs I! to preventrail spreading on one side or edge only thereof, and as such lugs are arranged always on the same side of the ties at each end thereof, these projecting lugs which prevent spreading of the rails, do not interfere at all with the operation of angle. chair, or other forms of split-es or fastenings used to connect and adjoining rails, and. for the same reason. such sa-letyllugs do not interfere with the insulation oi the rail effected by the interposed rail supporting blot-ks.

I claim:

iv in a railway track. the combination with the track rails and l'lltlt l ilttl. of cross ties lherct'oiz each l l' 4' a cast or tlowed lllllili main body portion havingit low-r horizontal plane with retaining poekets at the portions tln-reot' under th t 'k rails. and provided with wide or extended base portions under the track rails and a narrow int rmediate portion between the track rails. and furnished on its upper side with upwardly open ti 'l s'npportina'- block sueki s, removable resilient t liIllml'lliLQ blocks titling in lltl sockets and interposed between the track rails and said main metal body portion of the tie. and l'aslenings securing the rails to said supportingblocks. said main cast or flowed metal body portion of the tie having also abutment faces or shoulders engagim, the ballast or foundation material of the road bed, and said main cast or flowed metalbody portion of the tie being also provided outside of the rails with stops or shoulders to prevent: spreading of the rails, said supporting bloc s being laterally and longitudinally confined by said sockets but free to be upwardly lifted therefrom with the rails, substantially as specified.

:3. The combination with the rails, of cross ties therefor, each comprising a cast or flowed metal body portion having rail supporting blocks, and removable rail supporting blocks'fittiiu, in said sockets and to which the rails are secured. said supporting blocks being laterally'und longitudinally lifted therefrom with the rails substantially as specified.

IL The combination with the rails of cross ties therefor, each comprising upwardly open sockets on its upper side to receive rail supporting blocks, and removable rail supporting block fitting in said sockets and to'which the rails are secured, said cast or tlou'cd metal main body portion of the tie having wide or extended bases under and adjacent to the rails and a narrow or contracted intermediate portion between the rails, said supporting blocks being laterally and longitudinally confined by said sockets but, free to be upwardly lifted therefrom with the rails substantially as specified. V t

4. The combination with the rails, of cross ties therefor, each comprising :1 cast orilowed metal body portion having .upwardly open sockets on its upper side to receive rail 'supporting blocks, and removable rail supporting blocks fitting in said sockets and to which the rails are secured, said supporting blocks, interposed between the cast or flowed metal body portion oi the tie and the rail bases, said supporting blocks being laterally and longitudinally confined by said sockets but free to be upwardly lifted therefrom with the rails substantially as specified,

The combination with the rails, of cross ties therefor, each comprising a cast or flowed metal body portion having upwardly open sockets on its upper side tlo receive rail supporting blocks, and removable rail supporting -blocks fitting in said sockets and to which the rails are secured, said main metal body portion of the tie having its lower or bed face in substantially one and the same horizontal stringer-s or timbers will pro-- upwardly open sockets on its upper side to receivev confined by said sockets but free tofbe upwardly a cast or flowed metal bodyportion having i. h plane, said supporting blocks being laterally and longitudinally confined by said sockets, but free .to be'upwardly lilted therefrom with the rails substantially as specified.

(I. The combination with the rails, each comprising a cast or flowed metal body portion having upwardly open sockets on its upper side to receive rail supporting blocks. lining; in said sockets and to which the rails are secured, said main metal body portion of the tie having its lower or bed fac'e in substantially one and the same horizontal plane. and having shallow ballast retaining pockets at the portions thereof under and adjacent to the rails,'said-supporting bl cks being laterally and longitudinally confined by said sockets but free to be upwardly lifted therefrom with the rails substantially as speciiiedl T. he combination with the rails, of cross ties therefor, each comprisiiu: a cast or flowed me vil body portion having upwardly open sockets on its upper side to receive rail supporting blocks, and removable rail supporting blocks littin: in said sockets and to which the rails are secured, said cast or tlowed metal main body portion of the tie haviilg wide or extended bases under and adjacent to the raiis and a narrow or contracted intermediate portion between the rails. said wide or extended bases having shallow or hallasi relaininc n" s on their under or bed said support being laterally and longl s but free to be' upwardly substantially as specified. The combination with the rails, of cross ties therefor, each rom -rising a cast or lieu-ed metal body portion having upwardly open. sockets on its upper side torrece'ive rail sllppol'tillg blocks. and removable rail supporting blocks ii in said sockets" and i0 which the rails are secured, said supper lilfii being laterally and longitudinally contincd by .id soel is but free to be upwardly lifted therefrom with the l substantially as specified.

H. The c-' mliinatioi: \\'ll'll' the rails. of cross ties therefor, each coinprisinga cast: or flowed metal body portion having upwardly open nets on its upper side to receive rail support- V blocks. and removable rail supporting blocks fitting: in said SJCAKLb' and to which the rails are-secured, said cast metal main body portion of the tie having wide or extended buses under and adjacent to the rails and a narrow or contracted intermediate portion between the rails, the shoulders between said narrow or contracted intermediate portion id said wide or extended bases serving as abut-incur faces against the ballast; or foundation material of the road bod between the rails to prevent slipping of the ties under side thrust of the irain'or car wheel flanges, said supporting blocks being laterally and longitudinally continedby said sock ts but. free to be upwardly lifted therefrom with the specified.

10.-'1lie combination with the rails. oi

.1 eesi (toss ties there haying upwardly open sockets on ilsuppei side to receive rail supporting, blocks, and rem vable rail supporting blocks fitting in said sockets and to which the rails are secured, said main ca t or tlo\\'('-il metal body portion of the tie having. out e the rail. stops or shouldersto engage the rail base and prevent spreading of the rails,

said supporii being laterally and longitudinally but free to he upwardly lifted therefrom with the rails suhstauti ll as sp eitied.

11. The combination with the rni of cross ties therefor, each onprising a e stoitlowed metal body portion l1avin upi ly open sockets on its upper side to receive rail supporting blocks, removable rail su morting blocks fittingin said sockets and supplemeni'ai' track rail appliances as shown and described between the rail and tie said supporting blocks being laterally and longitudinaily conrlned by said sockets but free to be upwardlytitted ihcrelroni with the rails substantially as specified.

12. The combination ith the rails, of cross ties there for, each comprising a cast or limit ed metal body portion.

of cross ties therefor,

and removable rail supporting blocks rails substantially as" and to which the rails are secured,.

portion oi. the

sockets but if:

row intermediate portion, and

his block and engaging the will, sui' being late-rally and longiiudinnlly (unlimbiii. free i'o be up'ivurdli' lifted ih substantially as specified.

13. A cross lie C(illllllfls ll u inuin nu Lion having upwardly opensockcislcn its up r receive rail supporting blocks, and r lient r2! suppdri' ing blocks fitting in said sockets l niicrposed belwecn said main body portion of. the U0 and the rails, said eupporling; blocks being: laterally and lo! tudinnlly conli'ud by snidsockets "our free to be upwardly lifted ihercfrein with the rriils substantially lS specified l i." A .cross iJie comprising n main metallic body portion having upwardly open sockets on iis upper side to receive rail supporting blocks, resilient rail-supporting blocks fitting in said sockets and interposed beiweeu sold mnin liody portion of the tie und the mils, and iusionin devices securing said rails to said. removable supporting blocks, said supporting blocks vein lnterally ui loneltudinzilly confined by said sockets but free to be upwardly lii'ted therefrom with the rails substantially as speciiio 15. A cross tle'comp risir a main metallic body lion having wide or extended buses :il: its ends, row intermediate portion. and provided v open sockets on its upper blocks and removable wooden rnil sip in id sockets And inierposcd but and said r ils, ing the ruils in said supporting mo blocks being" laterally and longitudinally coniiuml h and e to be upw lhcicl'rom rails substantial as spei 16. A cross He comprising :1 tion having wide or extended buses .it i

provided with upw; illy open sockets on its upper side to receive rail suppori'ng blocks undreniovable wooden rail supporting bloc lining in said sockets undinterposed between suid main body portion of the tie and s'uid rails. fuslenings for scr-uri iheruils to said suppo llig' blocks. and said mum metallic body portion of the iic'huving its under or bed i'zice substantially in one horizontal plane, said supporting blocks bci laterally .hnd longitudinally confined by said sockets but irec to he upwardly lifted i'hercfroiu with the rails substantially as specified. 7 17. A crows tie comprising 11 main m tallic body tion having wide or extended buses :1 l' I row intermediate portion, and providc upon sockets on it's upper-side to rc vc rnll blocks and removable wooden rail supporting bloc iliti e; in suid sockets and interpo ed between said main body pow tion of the tie and said rails. fdsienlng r s rails to said suppor'r'u bk s, suid ziuun nicl portion of the tie hum '5 ils under or bed face -n tilill y in one horizontal plum, and provided \v.

and adjacent to the i!- k mils, said L;u1.vp ,irLing blocks being laterally and longitudinally conllncd by sold sockeis but free to he upw substantially us spa in a railway irnck, the combination will: the mils, of H icui. truck rziil Sillllilill'lllli; lllUtkil sccurcd to suid track rails. and :1 coss iic bovine on its up or slue s ckets to rcniovzibly rci ;c and ho d in lllli'fl ..id truck mil supporting blocks und permit the same In be jm-kcd up with the ruils \villioul dislurb ng or removing tho the or its bedding in the road bed, or The spikes or other ins-lening devices securing the rails in place, said supporiins blocks being lulerully and longitudinally confine-d by said sockel's but free to be upwardly llflcil therefrom with the rails substantially as specified,

s bring lntbrully i said sockets but free to be the rails substantially :15

LliC combination with the track orting blocks threllor. spikes securing rails i, said blocks, and 2. suitable cross i, having on I to reinuvlibly receive and hold in il rupporting blocks and permit the m up with ihc nails without dislurbing or removing tie or HIP i the road or the sp (es; or other devices which secure the rail in place. suid supgorliug blocks insulating the rails from ithe ineinllic tic, suid supporting; blocks being laterally and loi' iludinally confined by said sockets but free lo be upw sinntizrlly us spccined. 21, In a railway. lruck. the combination wilh the track rails, of wood suppbrlinc blocks therefor, spikes securing the mils to said bloc and a metallic cross tie having on its upper side socl to removubly receive and hold in place said truck ruil supporting blocks and permit the sumo to be jucked up with the rzi'ils' without disturbing or removing the tie or the ballast. or foundation material of the road bod or'tlzc pikes or other devices which secure lb "iii in place Halli supporting blocks insulating; the ii. s from the iueinllic tie, and :i supplemental truck rail unpiiuuve 21 shown :ind described secured lo the support oluizl iii supporling blocks being laterally and longitudinally onilued by mild sockets bni [rec io be upwardly lii'i d tbei mu wi Ibo rai s tillllhiilllllzllly us specified.

The (ulliriiuiliiml with the ruils, of cross ties themv 2: rust or llowcd metal body portion 'illy opensi lieis on its upper side to receive blur-l and removable rail supporting id soclcels and to which the rails are )vuble inor iulhe Socket below the supi ii inr; n nruil suppuriui, blocks lilting in secured, and v, r

poi inglllfiil'i. sub

it hi: coinbinniiou wiih the rails, of cross tiestherefor. .iitll comp in; ii cast or iiowed metal body vportion having upwardly open sockets on its uppenside to receive mil Supporting bio removable ruil supporting blocks fitting in said sockets and to which the rails are secured, said cost or flowed inetul main body portion of the tie having" wide or extended buses under rind adjacent to the ruiis und :1 narrow or roziiilz .tcd intorinediaie portion bethe rails, and u L'OlllOVZllJli? liner, said supporting, being laterally and longitudinally confined by said liltod therefrom with the be untiully as speciucdl The coinbinuiimr with the rails. of cross ties there ,c c1 comprising; emu, or llowed inetal body portion halving upwardly open soc :is on its upper side to receive rail Sup lug blocks. removable rail supporting blocks iiitiib in suid sockets id to which the rolls are secured, said in in .11 body porlion of lhc tie having its lower or bed dice in substuntinlly one and thesame horizontal free to stuntiully as spc Lilli A cross lie coinpri ing :1 main metallic body portion having npwurilly open soclu-is on its upper side to revolve rull su 'ipurtinc; blocks, rosllionl, rail supporting blocks filling in said socket. and inlorposud between snid, rnain body portion of tho and the mils, fastening devices securing said rails to said rcinovublo supporting blockq; illlil removable liners in said sockets below said rail supporiim: blocks. said supporting blocks being laterally and longiiudinully onfined by said sockets but free to be up weirdly lii'icil lbcrolroui with lilo rails substlintially :is SvllPl'lfild.

cross lie comprising :nnain metallic body portion st or foundation material 01" J13 lifted thorci'rolu with the mils subvniiziily us specified. I

rails to said supporting bedding in the road bed, or th s" porting blocks helng having wide or amended buses it ends, anfl at merrier: intermediate portion, and pro ides with upwardly open sockets on itsnipper side to receive rail rind remo'rnhle wooden said sockets and int nosed between tlon of the tie ends id ralls, fazsteniugs for securing the blocks, and rather: le liners in rail supp mg him said supsaid sockets below said portinghlocks belng'laterally and longitudinally cunl red by said sockets but free to be upwardly lifted therefrom with the rails substantially as specified.

28: In a railway track,

the combination with the i'llll of resilient trek-k rail supporting blocks secured to said track rails. :1 or tie having on its upper side sockets to remornhly re re and hold in use said track lnil porting blocks and permit ille some to be jacked. up r the rails Without disturbing or reunlvlng the tie or Z devices securing; the rails in purse said supporting hlnrks being i confined by said sockets but ll e to he up'wartlly lifted therefrom with the rnlls sul'lstanilully :ls specified, r

29. In a railway tint-k, the combination with the track rails, of wood supportin blocks therein the rails to said Merl; lllll 1i metallic ('1. its upper side sockets to remm-nhly re place said track rail nupgmrling hiuel nnd slime tohe jar-lied up wlrh rile rnils n' 'Ill C/lll' d removing the lie or ii illnsi-or the, road bed or 2110 spl the rail llllll;lftL. sul rnils' from the metull' l u removable liner and longitudinally 'e and hold il llll'lllll. the

lpporl" hl rlrs lninzlafll e. l l renmruhle liners, snlu literally and lungit ulnally confined by said so is but Lee to he upwardly lifted therefrom witlii'he 'rdi s substuntinlly as specified.

.M A cross tie having on its upper s jecting integral N et u'nlls, r-twnnvnble mil l.;l1l()llli blocks fitting theleln and r rlc rrlil supporting devices or braves extending between ihe lie nd rail to prevent cunt ln i or turning over of the rail. (1 supporting), blocks hw ini laterally and longitudinally confined by :ulld su is hut recto be upwardly lifted therefrom with rho rails suhsinntlnllv as specified.

Ill. A 1- 1in hnvlny; on i s up jerling integral noel-:01 wall blocks fiitin: therein and braces extending between or side unarurll ovnlrlv rnil n irnra: rnll supper-ll (in/n the tie and mil to prevent l l l I l I l i l comprising a main metallic body portion having integral upwardly projecting socket walls on its eive track rail supporting blocks, sup

upper side to re nning blocks fitting therein; said main metallic body porllOll of le tie being extended at the ends beyond the track said supporting blocks being laterally and longituly confin d by said sockets but free tube upwardly ll therefrom with the rails substantially as specified. 35). The nblnntlnn with the rails, of or ss ties thereeach comp a cast metal body portion having up vrnrrlly open not rats on its upper side to receive rail support 1;; blocks. and removable and reversible rail support \n-las filling in said sockets and to which the rails red, said supporting blocks being laterally and finally confined by said sockets but free to be uplifted therefrom with. the rails substantially as cross tie rnmprisingz n nmln metallic body portion inwardly upon sockets on. its upper sine to receive 'l supporting lllmks, and removable and rave ble resupporting blocks fitting in said sockets and inn: pos-zll'llei'xyoen said main hotly portion of the tie and elinvlilull eunrinet'l by said seekers but free to he upwardly l .mu will: the rnils substantially as specified. tie comprising a main metai llie body portion in or extended bases t its ends, and 1 narrow nte portion :lllil provided with upwardly. open efs ()il its upper s to receive rail supporting blocks,

removable nut! rev ible unrl biuvhs filling in said sorkets and interposedbetween said unlin l)u 'l portion of the tie and said rails, and fnstenings fol, securing the ils to said supporting blocks, said sup blurb: being laterally and longitudinally confined t lllll suck but free to be upwardly lifted therefrom \rilh the ruils substantially as specified.

JOHN

the rails substantially as :he runs, said supporting blocks being laterally and lonwooden rail supporting- 

